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Public defender vs private lawyer in Italy

Avv. Massimo Romano · updated 18/08/2026

Public defender vs private lawyer in Italy is decided by the provision below, by how the facts are qualified, and by what is done in the first weeks. Sentence, criminal record and right of residence follow from that. We answer on your own facts, at any hour, and you need not be in Italy.

What this page covers

Whether Public defender vs private lawyer in Italy ends in a conviction, and with what sentence, depends on how the facts are qualified and on decisions taken in the first weeks — long before any trial.

The provision that applies depends on how the conduct is qualified, which is itself often the point in dispute.

The questions that decide the outcome

  • What is actually happening
  • Your options
  • What to do now
  • How this differs from the US and the UK

What people ask us about this

  • Can I keep the court-appointed lawyer or should I hire my own?
  • Is the Italian public defender free?
  • Can I change lawyers during an Italian criminal case?

Avv. Massimo Romano — Italian criminal defence lawyer, Naples Bar no. 14553, admitted to plead before the Court of Cassation since 23 October 2015.

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